How Psychology Enhances Our Scientific Understanding Of...

It is difficult to determine whether psychology enhances our scientific understanding of human behaviour, according to Kuhn (1962) psychology is a pre-science. This essay concerns the evaluation to whether contemporary psychology enhances scientific understanding of human behaviour. Psychology is commonly referred to as the scientific study of one’s mind and behaviour. In order to research the extent to which this is true, it is important to consider the definition of science. Sciences are objective as it aims to study observable facts which direct theories. A science is also characterised by the concept that variables are testable and can be either verified or falsified. According to Popper (1963) science is the process where theories are created first then hypotheses are generated allowing it to be confirmed or disconfirmed. When psychological theories are falsifiable and can be proved or disproved its content becomes more robust and tenable. Further research by Kuhn (1962) suggested that paradigms (beliefs that replace old ones) are an important underpinning aspect of scientific approaches. More recent research by Boyack, Klavans and Borner (2005) identified the most influential areas in science by analysing a million scientific research articles and found psychology to be widely influential in science and therefore highlighting the importance of psychology’s position as a science. Finally, this essay aims to establish whether psychology can enhance scientificShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Psychology Essay 31067 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: What Is Psychology? One of the most common questions asked by students new to the study of psychology is What is psychology? Misperceptions created by popular media as well as the diverse careers paths of those holding psychology degrees have contributed this confusion. Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion, and behavior. Applications of psychology include mentalRead MoreTraining For A Career As A Childcare Director889 Words   |  4 PagesUMUC offers numerous courses in Psychology so as to provide students with the knowledge that they will need in order to be successful in their future careers. The curriculum offered ensures that students acquire a knowledge base of theory, research, and practice in psychological sciences. Although some of the courses offered are required in order to obtain an undergraduate degree in Psychology, many are available to choose from that meet the interests and needs of each student as well. Upon graduationRead MorePsychological Progression Through Definition And Perception877 Words   |  4 Pages Within the curiosity of the human mind lies a variety of occurrences that have plagued philosophers, scientists, and skeptics alike. 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Confronting these challenges accurately will assist managers in developing suitable environments for employees to execute occupational functionsRead More Humanistic Psychology Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pagesand dignity of human beings. They have spoken out against ideologies, beliefs and practices, which held people to be merely the means for accomplishing economic and political ends. They have reminded their contemporaries that the purpose of institutions is to serve and advance the freedom and power of their members. In Western civilization we honor the times and places, such as Classical Greece and Europe of the Renaissance, when such affirmations were expressed. Humanistic Psychology is a contemporaryRead MoreStructuralism : Social Science And Humanities1073 Words   |  5 Pagessocial science and humanities. It focuses on recurring patterns of though and behavior. Psychology intergrades with philosophy in many ways. With the ideas and concept brought into play by British Empiricist from the 1600’s it open the gates to psychologist and their experimental minds such as the â€Å"father of psychology† Wilhelm Wundt. By the 1800’s E.B. Titchener created his perspectives on structuralism. He focused on human elements on conscious experience. Titchener primarily analyzed this processRead MoreEssay about Reviewing Zimbardo’s Experiment 893 Words   |  4 Pagessummer morning† he then goes into the process by which the subjects were taken into the prison (732). This is an odd way to start a scientific paper, even if it was published in the New York Journal. He then switches between scientific, and novelistic lan guage. In one sentence Zimbardo compares real prisons to â€Å"machines for playing tricks with the human conception of time† how does relating a prison to a machine validate his point? It seems as if Zimbardo is using his language to draw the reader into his

Feminism And The Vote Of Women - 885 Words

Feminism And The Vote The link between feminism and voting is strong, as it should be. For this reason, it is crucial for women to exercise their power to vote. This is important because today, even after women’s suffrage was achieved, the woman’s right to vote is still in question, and for these some, it is still not enough to justify this right. These advocates believe that even though women may legally have the right, they are not competent enough to engage in such activity. To say that the vote of women means nothing and that they lack the competency is by far asinine. Women are not inferior to men no matter the circumstance, but evidently some need a little reminder. It is because of such blatant attempts to prove that women are not capable that the fact that they are needs to be revisited, regardless of how many times, long as this still is an issue and a barrier of discrimination that women face daily. Why is the woman’s vote important? Is the feminist voter turnout higher when a female candidate is on the ballot or is the turnout the same with a male candidate as long as the topics are the same? Do feminists vote on every issue or are they more likely to vote on topics that affect women and their rights? Feminists are women who are educated, informed, well rounded, the perfect combination, so to say that their voice for women does not count is far from accurate. In the United States, as informed citizens, feminists appreciate the right to vote on a muchShow MoreRelatedFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesall, the push for women s suffrage and rights was strong, but further enhanced by leaders like Alice Paul and Jane Addams. The idea of equal rights for all was further scrutinized and contested after civil rights were granted to former slaves. Women began to push for similar equality as illustrated through the feminist movement. 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Study Guide on Communication Free Essays

1. What is communication? How does communicating relate to parenting? Communication is sharing of meaning between two or more people, it relates to parenting because it helps guide and understand their child better. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide on Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now How can financial issues affect parenting? Financial issues may cause families to spend less time together; children may spend more time be unsupervised and less quality time with their parents. 3. How does negative communication differ from positive communication? Positive parenting differ from negative parenting because positive parenting have to deal with guiding and teaching children and negative have to deal with yelling scream and punishment. 4. How can divorce affect children? Divorce affects children differently depending on the age group under five experience increased temper tantrums, difficulty sleeping, separation anxiety. School children may feel sadness, guilt, anger and develop phobias. Teens experience insecurity, sadness, and engage in drug use, criminal activities, unsafe sex, etc. . What are three tips that parents can use to improve communication with their children? Three communication tips are; 1) Make the child the focus of your attention. 2) Get down to the child’s level physically (eye contact). 3) Delay or Pause conversation if you need to. Critical Thinking Questions 1. Why is it important that parents talk to their children about social issues such as divorce, finances, and unemployment? How can parents talk a bout difficult topics? It is important because children can understand the problems that their family is having. They can sit down and talk to their child in a calm tone without giving negative contact. 2. When teenagers become parents, what are some of the challenges they face? Teens faces challenges such as depression, stress, fitting in with their peers and anxiety. 3. What are at least three techniques that parents can use when they are communicating with a child about a mistake or misbehavior? Three techniques parent can use are 1) Wait before criticizing out of anger. ) Start a constructive criticism conversation on a positive note. 3) Don’t jump to conclusion first get full story. Discussion Question 1. Who is someone that you feel you have a positive relationship with? What role do you think openness and truthfulness have in making this relationship positive? Someone who I have a positive relationship with is my aunt. I think openness and truthfulness play a big role because if it wasn’t for those I wouldn’t be able to have a positive good relationship with her. 2. What effects do you think the various types of media (TV, Internet, newspapers, Facebook, etc†¦) have on your own life and your family? Do you think the overall effect is negative or positive? How can parents reduce the negative effects? I think media have a negative effect on my life because I spend more time with the media than I do with my family and that’s not good. We are starting to be a little distant and not spend quality time with each other. I think my parents can spend less time with media stuff and more time with us. How to cite Study Guide on Communication, Papers

Child Development for Spiritual and Cognitive - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theChild Development for Spiritual and Cognitive Behaviour. Answer: Introduction Understanding child development is very crucial to any given guardian or a parent to understand the emotional, physical, spiritual and cognitive behaviour of the child. Various scholars has tried to explain different theories that explain what happens at each level. If a child is fixated at any given age level it leads to erotic behaviour. The following written material shows how the three years old girl is linked to theories of development. Physical development Ruby is always happy when cutting, sticking or colouring. She is more attracted to her toy than anything else and she spends a lot of time making clothes and food for them. She always finds her mum to help her put buttons and put on shoes to her toy. Ruby is seen to like to wear her lovely batman outfit, she does this always upon her aunts visit to her home. Ruby also loves her favourite dress that makes her feel highly appreciated. She always likes to wear that dress when going out. Rubys behaviour can be derived from the theoretical framework of infant development. According to Garvis et al., (2017) he suggested that physical environment starts from an intermediate of a child and entails development of motor skills for example running ,climbing trees and pedalling the bicycle. Boys are said to develop the motor skills very fast compared to the girls. Ruby a three years old girl, she is energetic and is always found playing with other children, she is also seen trying to ride her bicycle just like the boys within their area do. Ruby is seen making an attempt to climb on a jungle gym but it is very hard for her. Ruby has some of the skills listed in the theory like ridding bicycle and buttoning up the clothes for her toy and also feeding them. Cognitive development The mind development is seen in our study little girl Ruby, she waits for her dad to come back since the dad like to have a rough and tumble on the floor. Ruby loves playing with the elder brother and tries to copy him when he is doing his homework. She loves talking much with her mother and enjoys other things such as visiting the library, baking, reading books and also playing make believe when she pretends to be Dorothy and her mum as the captain feather sword. it's also seen how ruby starts to remember the major words in her favourite book and most of the times she points some words that are linked to the pictures. The cognitive behaviour shown by Ruby can be closely linked to the theory of cognitive development by Piaget According to Sigelman et al., (2016) suggested that young children according to Piaget's theory when they are in the preoperational stage they show an advancement in thinking but they are not in a position to hold a very complex relationship. For example, the child cannot understand that the dad at one time was a little kid of her grandmother. Ruby is sometimes given the puzzle to fill by her father, he gave her either one big chocolate fish or gave her five tiny chocolate fish but ruby instead chose five fishes. The second time she was given two things, a short and fat glass of juice but she chooses the tall thin glass. The cognitive perspective the young children can benefit from both sensory and motor schemes for their little to a more complex thought (DeVellis, R. F., 2016). The preoperational reasoning is seen from about two to six years and is reflected by a change by use of symbolic thinking that allows children to interact with other children, to be able to use language, children try to play with their imaginations. The child may also not be able to understand that her brother is also his sister brother. In order to understand this complex closeness, the child needs a cognitive ability that is beyond preoperational reasoning. Those kids in preoperational stage are prone to making many errors and some of them include centration, egocentrism, animism, and irreversibility. According to Piaget's sensorimotor tasks they bring down children or the infants cognitive potential. His practical aspect of preoperational thinking also underrates infants. He argues that infant's tasks depend much on the language rather than his or her any action. Social culture development Ruby always copies what the brother does. Copying is part of social culture view. She always likes to associate with the teachers and she loves them. Socially she is developing even we can see her taking cleaning responsibility. As we can see from development theory we can then link the behaviour to the theory of Vygotsky. The social culture development was developed by Vygotsky (Levykh, M. G., 2008). The social culture theory determines how we see a thing and how we become. What children becomes, not from what they do but what they learn when they associate with others. According to him, the social culture perspective is that, the social experiences that the child develops they get it from their experiences. Emotional development According to our text ruby goes to early childhood centre and sometimes finds it difficult to tell her mum goodbye, she pleads her mother not to leave her and sometimes gets angry. Ruby likes when her favourite toy is brought from home and hold it close to her. Although she is clever in a way she gets disappointed at times. She is able to express her emotion in words. her parents are very good listener's since they listen to her always and consider her views about what she needs to eat maybe in lunch, what she will have to do in the afternoon. If ruby doesn't find what she desires she goes to bed. Sometimes she is allowed to read her favourite if her dad had already read the story and told them good night. We can link her behaviour with the theory that was developed by Erik Erikson. This theory explains how the inborn qualities of a child and the environment relate to influence a behaviour. Erik dealt with social culture and developed eight stages of psychosocial development (Garvis, S., Nislev, E., 2017). He said that in order for a child to go to the next level he or she needs to overcome some problems that arise from it and if one fails to do so it affects the future development. The most important thing as a parent is how to determine a child's spiritual attitude as they move up and grow. Between the age of three and five the cycle social crises as initiative versus guilt (Sigelman et al., (2016). The child can know what is wrong and right. Spiritual development Spiritual development is very crucial to childs life, spiritual growth is dependent on the environment the child grows. Ruby loves to be supportive and shows creativity by irrigating equipment and the farm and cleaning dishes after the meal. She is happy to move to the centre since she loved all the teachers, children and amazing equipment's. She finds it hard to leave her teacher in the centre but was able to change slowly and adapt to the change. Ruby spiritual development can be linked with the theory that was developed by Bronfenbrenner. He views how the child develops in a given environment within a system that he or she relates with. Bronfenbrenner gives a clear definition of the layers of the environment, each with an implication on the kid's growth of a child. The theory has been named as "bio ecological systems theory" to put emphasis on the baby's biology in an initial environment promoting her growth. The relations between the factor promoting maturity in the child's biology, the close family or community ecosystem and the societies background promotes and drives the child's growth and development. Changes or struggles in one layer will flow throughout the other layers (Tudge, J. R., 2009). To study a child's development then, we must look not only at the child and her immediate environment but also at the interaction of the larger environment as well. He described how the inherited characteristics of any given infant interact with the environment to determine infant development and growth. He said that it is very crucial to study a child in many environment (Sigelman et al., (2016). An infant finds themselves in different environments, home environment moving towards big school environment. Conclusion Ruby is a young girl whose parent should watch more closely every time to prevent any kind of fixation. From the critical study of the girl it is evident that, theories that are put in publicized materials are in line with the study that was done. It is of great importance for everybody under parenting process to understand the theories of child development. This will help in healthy parenting strategies that will enhance proper stage development of a child up to adulthood. Growth development of the child can be linked clearly with the theories of child development. References Garvis, S., Nislev, E. (2017). Mathematics with Infants and Toddlers. InEngaging Families as Children's First Mathematics Educators(pp. 33-46). Springer, Singapore. Levykh, M. G. (2008). The affective establishment and maintenance of Vygotskys zone of proximal development.Educational theory,58(1), 83-101. Kramer, M. S., Aboud, F., Mironova, E., Vanilovich, I., Platt, R. W., Matush, L., Collet, J. P. (2008). Breastfeeding and child cognitive development: new evidence from a large randomized trial.Archives of general psychiatry,65(5), 578-584. Sigelman, C.K., Rider, E.A., De George-Walker, L. (2016). Life span human development. (2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Vic, Australia: Cengage Learning. Tudge, J. R., Mokrova, I., Hatfield, B. E., Karnik, R. B. (2009). Uses and misuses of Bronfenbrenner's bio ecological theory of human development.Journal of Family Theory Review,1(4), 198-210.

Fox Hunting Essay Research Paper Fox hunting free essay sample

Fox Hunting Essay, Research Paper Fox hunting and the issues environing it is a really of import subject for the whole of Great Britain particularly at this precise minute in clip as the British authorities are discoursing conditions or non to censor this controversial athletics. Within this essay I shall be discoursing the factors and sentiments and positions of people opposing and back uping a prohibition in runing with hounds in the British countryside. Everybody in the state has an sentiment conditions fox hunting should be banned or non and I shall be inquiring a scope of people populating in my country what their positions are and including them in this essay. First I shall be looking into the statements that are against the usage of hounds to run foxes and that are back uping the prohibition in this athletics. The chief statement that a individual would set across who was in favour of a prohibition would be the inhuman treatment to the fox that is being hunted. We will write a custom essay sample on Fox Hunting Essay Research Paper Fox hunting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Personally the idea of a fox being ripped apart by a battalion of blood thirsty hounds hurts me and a big proportion of this state. Harmonizing to the RSPCA which I feel is a instead bias beginning runing foxes utilizing hounds is more detrimental to the fox than conventional hunting methods. For illustration shot or poisoning the fox to cut down on fox Numberss. The fox goes through huge emphasis as it is found to be killed by the hounds. Peoples who are for fox runing say that they harm farm animate beings and harvests. But harmonizing to the RSPCA the fox is a instead harmless animate being and the animate beings that it does kill on the farm are comparatively weak animate beings and hence are non much good to the husbandman because the fox doesn T want to blow energy trailing lambs and healthy animate beings as they merely account for 1 % of lamb deceases on farms. Another statement would be that foxes are really good plague slayers such as mice and other gnawers which tend to d estruct harvests on farms. They are besides really good at cleansing after worlds by eating human trash so in a manner they clean up the environing country. During a fox Hunt the fox that is being hunted suffers immense sums of emphasis as normally the fox is on the tally for up to two to three hours. Sometimes foxes are killed by asphyxiation with holding big sums of dirt in their lungs as they sometimes delve for hours to seek and get away from the battalion of hounds. Over 70 % of the states most powerful people the Members of Parliament, portion the positions of most of the population of the United Kingdom. As late the MPs voted to censor fox hunting in this state by a overpowering bulk. This prohibition will come into force after it faces confrontation with the Lords. This was a really important ballot as it could alter the face of our countryside forever ( see newspaper article ) . There are besides many statements in favour of runing with hounds these are chiefly expressed by people who really do fox runing themselves and gain a life around the athletics. The biggest statement is that it creates big sums of occupations for people populating in both rural and urban countries. These include stable proprietors and makers of runing equipment such as saddles and helmets. An illustration of this would be Sarah Clark who owns a stable in North Leistershire who 90 % of the Equus caballuss she looks after participate in fox hunting. If it should be banned this would intend that she would free he concern and her support and she would hold to get down once more in life. There are many other illustrations of the drastic effects on peoples lives if fox hunting was to be banned across the state. Many concerns could travel bankrupt and this could interrupt the local economic system. Another statement would be if a prohibition was to be enforced the some of Equus caballuss th at partake in fox hunting may ha ve to be put down as there would be no usage for them any longer. about all husbandmans across the state see the low British fox to be a plague therefore they wish to cut down on Numberss to protect their farms and supports. Foxs are said to hold and utilize their capablenesss to kill many different farm animate beings such as hogs and sheep. Besides as they roam around farming area they tend to damage harvests on their manner unit of ammunition. Both of these factors loose huge sums of money for the proprietors of the farm. And because the states farming industry is worsening rather dramatically because it is fring big sums of money and this is non helped by the fox killing animate beings and harvests which looses the farm even more money. There are many different organisations that are runing to maintain fox runing a manner of life. An illustration of this would be the LCSA ( Leave Country Sports Alone ) . They go on many protests to maintain fox runing legal and set immense force per unit area on the authorities non to censor the activity. To happen out what people populating in my local country thought about the proposed prohibition of fox runing I decided to carry on a study to see if people were for or against a prohibition of this controversial athletics. I posed the inquiry To what extent to you back up or oppose a prohibition on runing with Canis familiariss in Britain? These were my consequences: As you can see by a overpowering bulk 63 % of the occupants of my country would wish to see runing with Canis familiariss banned in this state. This is compared to 24 % who would wish to see runing go oning for many old ages to come. These consequences may be bias though as I live in a mostly urban country people populating near to me largely will non hold much to make with fox hunting. Therefore the consequences may be bias tawards the prohibition of runing with hounds. These consequences fundamentally in my sentiment demo what the whole of the state is believing at this minute, that fox hunting is a really crewel activity and because of this it should be banned. I expect that there will be a conflict between the fox and the fox huntsmans for many old ages to come. As if a prohibition is enforced and it becomes illegal, there will be immense protests from huntsmans and people connected to the activity for many old ages to come as it will consequence their lives enormously. Besides if a prohibition does come into play the husbandmans and landholders will likely come up with new methods of runing the fox to protect their land. These new methods may be even crueler than the traditional hunting with hounds. This could make a immense saga as if they find a crueler method of runing this would consequences in protests from administrations such as the RSPCA and this would but immense force per unit area on the authorities and so we could travel through the same quandary conditions or non to censor the new signifier of hunting. Presently I am in two heads about conditions this state chase should go illegal in this state or non. It is a really hard topic to choose a definite reply because there are so many statements for and against the activity. But personally I am for the statement of the fox as I think that it is highly crewel. As the fox is a beautiful animal and it is a traditional portion of both rural and urban Britain and it should be left entirely to acquire on with their lives. But besides the I would non wish to see peoples supports destroyed as I think this would be really sad but I feel if an eventual prohibition was to be enforced the authorities should counterbalance these people to forestall more calls and bury the tomahawk on fox runing everlastingly. It would besides go forth the authorities to worry about more of import things on their docket such as kids and drugs and besides conveying offense degrees down. Which would assist the state as a whole.

The Method of Narration Used in The Catcher in The Rye

The Method of Narration Used in The Catcher in The Rye Free Online Research Papers The Method of Narration Used in The Catcher in The Rye The catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a novel which is written in the first person. The first person narrative plays a very significant part in the readers’ appreciation of the text. As the novel begins, the main character Holden Caulfield prepares to tell his story to a psychoanalyst at a psychiatric home. As a result of the narrative the reader is also an analyst to Holden and he addresses each reader who reads the novel in a very intimate manner. The narrative always the reader to understand and see more clearly why Holden has a nervous breakdown this emphasises how important it is to the readers’ appreciation of the text. The first person narrative allows the reader to get a very personal view of Holdens thoughts and feelings, making them feel very close to him. Holden also describes what he himself sees and experiences, providing his own commentary on the people and events he describes. Throughout the novel Holden never comments on his emotional state directly but he does however tell the reader at one point that he is undergoing emotional strain. Holden also tells us â€Å"I’m feeling lousy† which conveys to the reader that he is mentally and physically breaking. He simply describes his increasingly desperate state without much explanation. Salinger however cleverly manipulates Holdens narrative to signal to the reader that there is more to the story that Holden himself admits or describes. Holden makes it very clear from the very beginning of the novel that he does not get on very well at school. An incident which shows this is when Holden does not attend the school football match with the rest of the school. â€Å"This game†¦was supposed to be a very big deal around Pencey. It was the last game of the year, and you were supposed to commit suicide or something if Pencey didn’t win†. This shows the reader that this game was very important to the people in this school but not to Holden. Holden choosing not to go with the rest of his school including his peers conveys to the reader that Holden is not like the other children at his school and maybe not like other teenagers, he may be a loner. The sarcasm about committing suicide in Holdens comment emphasises the matches’ significance to the school and the pupils and its insignificance to Holden. The narrative technique allows the reader to appreciate that Holden is maybe different from other teena gers. Holden also tells us â€Å"they kicked me out. I wasn’t supposed to come back after Christmas vacation, on account of I was flunking four subjects and not applying myself and all.† This makes the reader sympathise with Holden especially when he tells us he also â€Å"had some difficulty at the Whooton School and at Elkton Hills† as this shows that this is not the first time that Holden has been kicked out of school. Failing school can make anyone miserable but being thrown out because of it can make them very depressed. As this is the third time it has happened to Holden it emphasises how unbelievably depressed he must feel and also how he may think that he is a failure. Salinger’s narrative technique makes it very obvious to the reader that Holden is depressed and thinks he is a failure who has let his family down. The narrative also allows the reader to understand why Holden has a nervous breakdown and how awful he feels, also making them apprecia te why he act the ways he does. Holden feels guilty about many of the things he does, He for instance feels he has let his parents and sister down as he has been thrown out of school yet again. â€Å"I didn’t want to go home or anything until they had got it and thoroughly digested it and all† this shows that Holden realises how angry and upset his family are going to be when they find out about his situation. Holden feels most guilty about letting his mum down as she is still fragile from his brother Allies death. â€Å"That depressed me. I could see my mother going into Spaulding’s and asking the salesman a million dopey questions – and here I was getting the ax again. Holden feels very guilty as his mum has gone through a lot of effort to get him a really nice present and he knows that he is going to break her heart again once she finds out he has been thrown out of school again. Holden also tells us about how he didn’t take his now dead brother out with him once in the past, which he feels awful about â€Å"It wasn’t that I didn’t used to take him with me when I went somewhere. I did. But that one day, I didn’t I keep thinking about it and all, when I get very depressed.† Holden loved his brother very much but just cannot forgive himself for this one mistake. Holden also tells the reader that now when he thinks about this day he amends it to him telling Allie he can come. This however makes Holden feel even more depressed as he knows this is not what actually happened. The first person narrative as well as word choice help the reader to see and appreciate why Holden feels guilty. This guilt is one of the main causes of Holden Caulfields nervous breakdown. Holdens adolescence is revealed through the use of first person narrative and also the language he uses to describe his thoughts, feelings and experiences. Holden uses teenage language throughout the novel and when the book first came out the language in it caused quite a stir words like â€Å"phoniest bastard† and â€Å"sonovabitch† help paint a picture of a teenager in trouble. The swearing is used to convey a deep-seated insecurity in Holden. Therefore all of the language in the novel enhances thematic concerns and characterisation. The result is the reader fully understands Holden and the trauma he experiences. To conclude Salinger’s use of first person narrative along with a variety of other features is very important to the readers appreciation of the text. This is due to many reasons but mainly because it allows the reader to fully understand what the main character Holden is feeling and experiencing. Research Papers on The Method of Narration Used in The Catcher in The RyeMind TravelComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Hockey GamePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Analysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Forum discussion- reply to Duane on my post Essay

Forum discussion- reply to Duane on my post - Essay Example In my current organization, I think the implementation and development initiatives are effective in that they are properly planned and carefully implemented in order to meet the needs of the employees and the organization as a whole. The human resources management is tasked with identifying the training needs of the employees as well as identifying the gap that exists between their current performance standards and the desired level of performance. The training program is then molded on the basis of this information and is goal oriented. The major strength of the implementation process of the training and development program mentioned above is that it is twofold; it is designed to fulfill the needs and interests of both the employees and the organization. However, the only weakness that can be seen from this program is that it could be subjective at times. The trainers may tend to incorporate their personal views in the training program instead of focusing on the needs of the employe es. In order to improve this, collective decision making should be implemented within the organization. This will help to reflect the needs and interests of all members of the

Public Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Public Law - Essay Example (Author 1999) (Hinsley 1986) The United States of America supports a federal type of system wherein the state government functions as a separate entity and has got nothing to do with the central government. The United States prefers what we call the â€Å"clipped sovereignty†. It needs to be noted than in terms of constitutional sovereignty, the federal law is supposed to be placed at a higher pedestal when compared with state law. Hence, if the need of the hour demands the state government to tone down their policies and legal status with regards to the federal system, they would have no choice but to comply. The clipped sovereignty has been showcased in a perfect manner through a relevant sentence in the Article IV of the constitution. (Bloom and Johnson 2001) (American Philosophical Association, Sage School of Philosophy, JSTOR 1964) â€Å"This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.† (Bloom and Johnson 2001) European countries, with special regards to Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium and the European Union, follow an Upper Federal House System. Out here, there is no election but the composition is based on the governments of their constitution. In Germany Adolf Hitler viewed federalism as an obstacle and he wrote about it in his book Mein Kampf. He wrote, â€Å"National Socialism must claim the right to impose its principles on the whole German nation, without regard to what were hitherto the confines of federal states.† (Hitler 1998) â€Å"Those uncomfortable using the â€Å"F† word in the EU context should feel free to refer to it as a quasi-federal or federal-like

Financial Markets - Understanding Stock Option Information Essay

Financial Markets - Understanding Stock Option Information - Essay Example â€Å"Technical analysis is the study of specific securities and the overall market based on supply/demand relationships.† (Page 1, International encyclopedia of Technical Analysis, Joel G Siegle, Jae K Shim, Anique Quereshi, Jeffrey Brauchler.) Charts and Graphs are the technician’s tools. They interpolate data and decide using graph trends, volume count, and 50 and 200 day moving average charts. To understand patterns one must observe carefully the breadth and movement of the market. Understand how accumulation or distribution (Accumulation, the buying of stock, distribution is the sale of stock.), forecast the future expectation of stocks or options. (Ascending and Descending tops P. 15 International Encyclopedia of Technical Analysis Page 15 and 16,), these illustrations show ascending and descending price top transitions, from time period- to- time period, that trail stock directions. Volatility charts show extremes —specifically, option volatility charts sh ow relationships between puts, calls, strike prices, and expiration dates. Assumption associations are derived from historical patterns, price patterns, and supply and demand relationship. Historical relationships signal the likeness of direction, whereas, price patterns point to quantity of decrease and increase. â€Å"Market factors (Interest rate changes, economic conditions, political factors, announced pending acquisitions.), are already incorporated into current market price per share. If demand exceeds supply, the stock price will increase, and vice versa.†

History Of Stereotypes And Bullying Film Studies Essay

History Of Stereotypes And Bullying Film Studies Essay More and more bullying cases are being reported each year. About 160,000 children stay at home due to bullying going on in school. Although bullying has been around for so long, there has been a great amount of media response to the topic these past three or four years. With TV shows portraying storylines and situations in which their characters get bullied, it is interesting to notice how the bullying in question is being represented. One cant help but wonder if what we are seeing on TV is what happens in real life, or if its just being exaggerated for shock effect or to gain more viewers. A clear example of bullying being represented in current media is the American TV series: Glee. The show is about a group of teenagers who cant seem to find their place in the social circles of high school, they join glee club so they can fit in and ultimately be accepted for who they are. Since the series began in 2009, it has had a massive following with audience members all around the globe. It s attracted more viewers of different age groups than its intended demographic and overall its having a successful run. With this information the following question arose: To what extent is high school bullying portrayed accurately in the TV Series Glee? Glee has been chosen specifically because during its bullying arc ratings were generally positive. With the highest viewed episode being an estimated 26.8 million viewers and its lowest 8.85 million, its safe to say that the audience watching at home was subjected to their representation of bullying that Glee had made. The show throughout its three complete seasons has referenced bullying in a minor or major way, ranging from emotional to physical abuse. Since the show has gained a great amount of followers during its run, teenagers and adults alike may feel identified with the characters because of the setting. Since it is portrayed in high school, teens can relate because they are currently living it and adults can find similarities with their experience because theyve already lived it. The main idea is to compare real life situations and events that have happened in American high schools with moments in the show, then discuss the accuracy in the portrayal of such events and see if the television reenactment does the real life situation justice. Whats bullying? Bullying is an epidemic that everybody can experience. Whether youre in high school, college, or well into adulthood, you are always going to find someone that will hurt you physically or emotionally, even if they meant to or not. It is fairly common in school periods because children and teenagers are experiencing changes in their personal and social lives. Bullying is widespread and perhaps the most underreported safety problem on American school campuses (Batsche, G. M. Knoff, H. M). School is most likely to have this problem because there are such a vast number of students all under the same roof of different ethnicities, ages, social groups, etc. Its impossible for everybody to get along, and some are more inclined to show it than others. Bullying by definition is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school-aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumors, attacking someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose (StopBullying). There are many different kind of bullying such as: physical, verbal, emotional, indirect, cyber, sexual harassment and hazing. Bullying isnt just punching or calling people names, there are various types of bullying that can be described. One of the different types is verbal bullying, or also known as verbal abuse. It is defined as name-calling, making offensive remarks, or joking about a persons religion, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or the way they look. Verbal aggression is when a bully teases someone. It can also include a bully making verbal threats of violence or aggression against someones personal property. 46.5% of all bullying in schools is the verbal type (Library.ThinkQuest, 2012). The 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) indicates that, nationwide, 20% of students in grades 9-12 experienced bullying. Media and bullying Glee is a modern example of bullying portrayal, with plotlines such as the main characters in the actual glee club get harassed for being in said club and end up having slushies thrown at them: the perfect example of hazing. Also, cyber bullying makes a brief appearance in two episodes: one where the main character (Rachel Berry) receives some nasty comments for uploading a video of her singing and another situation where a secondary character (Dave Karofsky) is receiving negative comments on Facebook when his friends find out hes gay. One of the main plot lines the show handled in the second season of the series is having one of the main characters (Kurt Hummel) being tormented by the football team not only because hes in glee club, but because of his sexual orientation. He ends up being thrown in dumpsters, being slushied more often than his friends, and even being sexually harassed. The bullying got so bad that the solution he found was best for him was to transfer schools to get away from the nonstop torment. The fact of the matter is that bullying is indeed a serious threat to a persons wellbeing, we are only now seeing the problem represented in the media in the most relatable and common setting: in a high school environment. Since television is a common and effective way to transmit information and entertainment, viewers are subject to see whatever the media presents them. How is it represented? Bullying has been represented in the media for years now. Its a common topic for TV shows because everybody is subject to experience it during their lifetime. Since its a common life experience during ones teenage years, we can all relate to it one way or another, whether were being the bully or the one being bullied. But since the main idea of this essay is to analyze the American representation and its accuracy, the examples presented will be compared to real life articles or situations that have occurred in the United States. Representation in media outlets is important for just about any topic because these outlets are what people listen, watch and read. It plays a big part in influencing its audience because we have a tendency to repeat what we see on our TV screens, or what we read on the newspaper or heard on the radio. So while watching a show that is touching the subject of bullying, the accuracy of this topics portrayal is important where you want to prove a point or exaggerate it just to send a message.   In September 2010,  a freshman at Rutgers University died in an apparent suicide  after his roommate secretly filmed him in an intimate encounter and then streamed the video over the Internet (New York Times, 2010). This is an example of a case of cyber bullying we can compare with Glee. In the third seasons fourteenth episode titled On my way, one of plot lines centers around the fact that the character, Dave Karofsky, is  outed  at his school and this causes him to be bullied by his football teammates in the locker room. His classmates bully him via his Facebook profile and Karofsky attempts  suicide by hanging himself, but his father find him just in time and is taken to the hospital. This news causes grief and shock amongst students and teachers from his old school, especially Kurt Hummel. While these situations arent identical with the premise, both subjects were bullied via internet and due to the fact that they were gay. Both students were harassed because of their sexual orientation and it led to ones death and one nearly dying. The shows creator, Ryan Murphy, has made it clear that he wanted to portray a bullying storyline within the show. Sometimes thats an accurate depiction of what happens (Ryan Murphy, 2010). And while presenting this quote, Murphy has been true to his word, with situations like the one stated above, not leaving any details out of what can truly happen in intense bullying cases. Stereotypes and Bullying The definition for stereotypes is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing (Oxford Dictionary, 2012). Stereotypes are preconceived perceptions people have about a group of people, it is extraordinarily common in society and they can lead to bullying starting from a young age. Although stereotypes may be true in some cases, making a general assumption about a group of people is hurtful. In media cases, we are presented with these stereotypes because the character is funnier that way or it makes for a good punch line. But its also important that the stereotypical bullying process is mentioned. For example, bullies are often stereotyped to being big, bulky, and dumb and they will always pick on the little guy. This has been proven as false. Anybody can be a bully, gender doesnt matter, what you look like doesnt either, friends, even family members can be bullies sometimes. In Glee, there are a handful of stereotypes that range from the typical jock character to the really smart Asian kid. In a sense, it works with the show because it dwells into the problems these characters face with their respective stereotypes, although thats not always the case. In season three, episode four; they introduced Rory Flanagan, an Irish exchange student with a heavy accent and always wears green clothes. This makes one of the main characters (Brittany Pierce) to think that hes a leprechaun, and proceeds to ask if he can grant her three wishes. Another bullying Physical Abuse Physical abuse is any intentional and unwanted contact with you or something close to your body. Sometimes abusive behavior does not cause pain or even leave a bruise, but its still unhealthy  (Love is Respect, 2007). In bullying, since the target age that is being analyzed is in between teens ages fifteen through eighteen, the majority of bullying done in high schools doesnt involve more physical contact that the typical locker shove. Although, there are some cases in which people do take it too far, making victims scared of even going to school because of what other things the bullies can do. In 2011, Brooke Bliss, a sixteen year old high school student in New York, said that she has been bullied for years at school. Once, several girls ganged up on her and started calling her names. Then, the bullying turned physical. Brooke said that other teens pushed her into a wall and off of a weight machine, causing injuries to her hip and side (CNY Central, 2011). In Glee, this type of bullying is also being demonstrated. With Kurt being constantly being pushed into lockers (mostly during the second season), and in the beginning of the season being thrown into a dumpster, its clearly a method of bullying going over the verbal barrier of just simply teasing somebody. This is inflicting physical harm on a person, meaning theres a chance for visible injuries and that have to take serious care of depending on the damage done. With the real life and fictitious examples, comparing them side by side, the topic itself is being treated exactly as it is. Glee is depicting a problem that occurs in high schools nationwide, and this is only one of the many types of bullying going on that we can only hear about from news articles, news broadcasts or even radio. Since we dont go to these schools, the only thing we can rely on is our own experiences in school, or what we see in the media and believe it. Hazing Hazing is a subtype of bullying that involves someone being forced to submit to humiliating treatment in order to earn membership in the group responsible for the hazing (Murray, 2006). The definition for hazing in its essence is to make someone do a really embarrassing task in order to be inside a group. But to what extent is that considered harmless when it involves people to do ridiculous tasks that could harm their wellbeing? In Glee, the football team constantly throws frozen iced drinks (slushies) into the glee club members faces. Its the right of passage for each glee club member because they are inaugurating them into the bottom of the food chain in their high school environment. They joined glee club, so the jocks make it their mission to throw slushies at them as a welcome gift. While the standard definition of the term hazing refers mainly to joining a group voluntarily, and hazing is just the initiation process, the term can be taken halfway because albeit the glee club members did in fact join a group, the initiation process was mostly from the jocks, their bullies. Even if some of the jocks arent in glee club, they are being humiliated in front of the school to acknowledge their social status at school, according to Murrays definition. In season threes Micheal episode, one of the other main characters (Blaine Anderson) has a slushie thrown at him by opposing glee club member Sebastian Smythe from the Warblers. It turns out that the slushie had rock salt in it, so when it hit Blaine in his face, it caused him to need eye surgery. While this was not Sebastians intention, it still caused noticeable physical harm. Hazing may be all fun and games for the ones doing it, but it can lead to physical injury and emotional distress amongst those participating in it. Verbal Abuse Perhaps the most common form of bullying is that of oral assaults -threats, derogatory name-calling, and insulting remarks about a persons appearance, mental ability, race, religion, habits, family background, mode of speech, lifestyle, friends, sexual orientation, and more (Murray, 2006). Verbal abuse is the use of words to cause harm to the person being spoken to. It is difficult to define and may take many forms. Similarly, the harm caused is often difficult to measure. The most commonly understood form is name-calling. Verbal abuse may consist of shouting, insulting, intimidating, threatening, shaming, demeaning, or derogatory language, among other forms of communication (USLegal, 2012). With these two definitions we can see that the common denominator is using words to make a person feel bad. It is the most common form of bullying because its so easy to apply; while youre walking down a hallway all you have to do is say something and walk away, leaving the bullied victim with an emotional scar instead of a physical one. Throughout the shows history, Glee has made it clear that insults are the common bullying weapon. Bullying Today, why now? Bullying has been for as long as anyone can remember. With bullying being identified as early stages in life like grade school and kids getting progressively meaner the older they get, its no wonder kids and teens alike are afraid to go to school most of the time. Today, with the constant growth of cyber media and technology, these are being used as weapons along with their actual fists or words. Its much easier for the bully to reach out to their victim throughout the internet rather than just seeking them out in person during school hours. It seems much safer for them because no one is there looking at the actual bullying taking place. Using the articles and their Glee counterparts, its safe to say that they are inspired by true events happening all across the country. They dont follow the article on the dot, but they do portray a bullying situation similar to the examples stated. With Dave Karofsky, they managed to create a plot for the character similar to the bullying situation of the student from Rutgers University. With the examples stated in the essay, the analysis of each one and their fictional representation is specific and sees the influence the show got from them so they could be demonstrated in the show. The problem with fictional representation is that we only see the problem for a split second, we only get vague details about whats going on in the characters story, theres only so much we can find out in a show with so many characters and different plot lines in a single episode. One of the many reasons bullying has been brought to light by the media recently is due to the many suicides occurring in the period of September October in 2010, the main cause being bullied to the extreme. Tyler Clementi from Rutgers University, he was cyber bullied. Seth Walsh, a 13 year old boy from Tehachapi also committed suicide because he was being bullied in school due to his sexual orientation. By seventh grade, he was afraid to walk home from school (Time Magazine, 2010). The cases were one after another, and this is the reason why it gained a lot of media attention. The fact that that in a single month four teenagers died to similar reasons, it made the news pretty quickly. This caused the education system to invest more in antibullying campaigns. Even President Obama asked for a 12% increase in their funding (2010). While examining the accuracy of the fictional representation that Glee portrays, it has become clear that the bullying subject has been treated and portrayed as such. The show focuses on the high school glee club New Directions, portrayed as a group of underdogs with low popularity status, and how they also deal with personal and social issues. Since its main focus is high school, it is centered towards bullying affecting the teenage audience; therefore comparing it to the real life cases shown in the length of this essay is justified. The shows second season was heavy on the bullying plot, and focused often on recurring character, Kurt Hummel, who was bullied due to the fact that he was gay. But this is only one of many examples, their gym coach Sue Sylvester, has been shown to be portrayed as ruthless and aggressive to students and teachers alike, making it abundantly clear that she hates everybody but more particularly the glee club. She uses slurs, throws sticks at students, and in some cases, has pushed students into lockers. Glee is a fictional TV show, and that has to be taken into consideration. Like all works of fiction, even if it takes place in a school, or in modern day times, things can be exaggerated or modified to fit the story. The purpose of media is to entertain their audience, and more specifically with television. But that doesnt necessarily mean we shouldnt take the lessons it can teach us when presented. When the audience watches a show, they can learn a great deal of things; this doesnt leave Glee out of it. It made their audience become more aware of the degree bullying has increased all over schools in the country and that anybody can be a victim. They showed the causes, the consequences, and the emotional pain victims go through when bullied, they even added the bullys point of view to explain why they did it. In conclusion, bullying is a nationwide epidemic. According to the National Educational Association (2012) up to 13 million kids are bullied every year. Not everybody is bullied the exact same way, so representation in the media is important for it be well known amongst audiences nationwide. Although Glee may have moments where you ask yourself if that really happens or not (i.e., slushies in the face), it represents the bullying storyline as a case for their own character, basing their story with ones shown on the news and on the internet. It isnt farfetched because there are people who can relate to the storyline whether or not its identical. So, bullying is presented as accurately as possible in the show. There are mentions of racial slurs, insults, stereotypes, and harassment; these are all elements in the bullying spectrum to use against their intended target. Maybe well perceive it as exaggerated because weve never experienced it before, or our educational environment is comple tely different than the one being presented to us on TV, but the fact of the matter is that anybody could have been bullied like they have been on the Glee representation, and were only finding out about it now.

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers fc

A big house, nice cars, 2.5 kids, a dog, a beautiful devoted spouse, power and a ridiculous amount of money. That is the classical American Dream, at least for some. One could say, an outsider perhaps, that Americans strive for the insurmountable goal of perfection, live, die and do unimaginable things for it, then call the product their own personal American Dream. Is having the American Dream possible? What is the American Dream? There is one answer for these two questions: The American Dream is tangible perfection. In reality, even in nature, perfection does not exist. Life is a series of imperfections that can make living really great or very unpleasant. Living the American Dream is living in perfection, and that by definition is not possible, thus deflating our precious American Dream. F. Scott Fitzgerald proves this fact in The Great Gatsby, through his scintillating characters and unique style. Characters in books often mirror the author's feelings towards the world around them. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald suggested the moral decline of the period in American history through the interpersonal relationships among his characters. The situations in the lives of the characters show the worthlessness of materialism, the futile quest of Myrtle and Gatsby, and how America 's moral values had diminished- through the actions of Daisy, Tom, Jordan, and Gatsby's party guests. Despite his newly acquired fortune, Gatsby still cannot afford his one true wish, therefore he cannot buy everything which is important to Daisy. "..Their love is founded upon feelings from the past, these give it, notwithstanding Gatsby's insistence on being able to repeat the past , an inviolability. It exists in the world of money and corruption but is not of it." (Lewis 48 ) In the novel The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses the uses of literary technique of symbolism to reflect what life in the 1920's was like, through Fitzgerald's eyes. The image of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg's eyes is used to signify an ever watchful godlike figure. "Just as Wilson comes half—consciously to identify the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg with God, so the reader gradually becomes aware of them as representing some kind of detached intellect, brooding gloomily over life in the bleak waste land surrounding it, and presiding fatalistically over the little tragedy enacted as if in sacrifice before it." (Miller 36) The eyes not only symbolize a god—like being but also Fitzgerald himself and his negative views of 1920's society. F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers fc A big house, nice cars, 2.5 kids, a dog, a beautiful devoted spouse, power and a ridiculous amount of money. That is the classical American Dream, at least for some. One could say, an outsider perhaps, that Americans strive for the insurmountable goal of perfection, live, die and do unimaginable things for it, then call the product their own personal American Dream. Is having the American Dream possible? What is the American Dream? There is one answer for these two questions: The American Dream is tangible perfection. In reality, even in nature, perfection does not exist. Life is a series of imperfections that can make living really great or very unpleasant. Living the American Dream is living in perfection, and that by definition is not possible, thus deflating our precious American Dream. F. Scott Fitzgerald proves this fact in The Great Gatsby, through his scintillating characters and unique style. Characters in books often mirror the author's feelings towards the world around them. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald suggested the moral decline of the period in American history through the interpersonal relationships among his characters. The situations in the lives of the characters show the worthlessness of materialism, the futile quest of Myrtle and Gatsby, and how America 's moral values had diminished- through the actions of Daisy, Tom, Jordan, and Gatsby's party guests. Despite his newly acquired fortune, Gatsby still cannot afford his one true wish, therefore he cannot buy everything which is important to Daisy. "..Their love is founded upon feelings from the past, these give it, notwithstanding Gatsby's insistence on being able to repeat the past , an inviolability. It exists in the world of money and corruption but is not of it." (Lewis 48 ) In the novel The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses the uses of literary technique of symbolism to reflect what life in the 1920's was like, through Fitzgerald's eyes. The image of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg's eyes is used to signify an ever watchful godlike figure. "Just as Wilson comes half—consciously to identify the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg with God, so the reader gradually becomes aware of them as representing some kind of detached intellect, brooding gloomily over life in the bleak waste land surrounding it, and presiding fatalistically over the little tragedy enacted as if in sacrifice before it." (Miller 36) The eyes not only symbolize a god—like being but also Fitzgerald himself and his negative views of 1920's society.